Canada’s summers are a welcome reprieve after harsh winter months. However, they also mean longer days and prolonged sun exposure you cannot face without sunscreen. The beach is not the only place where you should slather on some sunblock.
It takes just 15 minutes for ultraviolet (UV) rays to damage skin. Some people, especially children, seniors, and those with specific skin types1, burn easily. Without appropriate protection, our skin can age fast and get cancer. The good news is that with a few simple tips and info, you can maintain your skin’s health all summer long.
UVA vs. UVB Protection: What’s The Difference?
Contrary to what we think, not all sunlight is the same. It’s made of ultraviolet (UV) rays, which are mainly:
- UVA rays: Penetrate the skin, causing early aging, sunspots, and wrinkles. UVA rays can pass through windows, are present year-round and can do serious damage even if it’s cloudy outside.
- UVB rays: These rays cause sunburn and are stronger during summer in direct sunlight. Protect your skin to prevent skin cancer such as melanoma2.
Daily sun protection is a must even on overcast days and during winter. Both rays can do irreparable harm otherwise. These can reflect off snow, sand, and even concrete so make sunscreen a daily habit.
How Sunscreen Works
Sunscreen is basically a UV-blocking shield for your skin. It prevents your skin from absorbing or blocking the rays before they can do damage. But, what is SPF on the bottles and tubes? Here’s a breakdown:
What Does SPF Mean?
SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures how well a sunscreen shields against burning UVB rays. SPF 30, for example, blocks 97%, while SPF 50 blocks 98% of rays. However, a higher SPF does not guarantee safety with a single application. Apply sunscreen at two-hour intervals throughout the day (but immediately after swimming) for the best protection.
What Does Broad Spectrum Mean?
Sunscreens with broad spectrum protection block both UVA and UVB rays. These protect the skin against immediate burns and long-term skin damage.
Choosing the Right Sunscreen
The sheer number of sunscreen brands can be overwhelming. So which ones can give you and your family the best protection? Here are a few things to keep in mind:
Mineral vs. Chemical Sunscreens
You will come across these two types of sunscreens:
- Mineral (or physical) sunscreens use ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide3 to sit on top of the skin and reflect UV rays. They’re great for sensitive skin, young children, or those with allergies.
- Chemical sunscreens absorb into the skin and convert UV rays into heat, which is then released. These tend to be lighter in texture and easier to rub in, making them popular for everyday use.
What SPF Should You Use?
- SPF 30 or higher is recommended for daily use on both face and body.
- For children, or if you’re spending extended time outdoors, go for SPF 50+.
- If you have sensitive or allergy-prone skin, look for fragrance-free, hypoallergenic, or dermatologist-tested formulas. Our pharmacy team can help you choose the right one.
Water-Resistant vs. Waterproof
Contrary to belief, no sunscreen is 100% waterproof. In fact, no brand can claim this. But, you can find sunscreens that are labelled water-resistant for a specific duration (like 40 to 80 minutes).
These don’t wear off easily, but make sure to reapply regularly.
Best Sunscreen Application Tips
Most of us don’t use enough sunscreen to prevent burns. Adults need about a shot glass full and ¼ teaspoon just for the face. Cover all exposed skin with the sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure so it can be absorb well.
Here are some spots you shouldn’t miss:
- Ears
- Scalp – thinning parts
- Lips
- Backs of the hands
- Tops of the feet
- Back of the neck
Sunscreen should be reapplied every two hours, especially after a swim, towel drying, or if you are sweating a lot. This includes water-resistant products.
Extra Protection Beyond Sunscreen
Sunscreen can prevent serious burns, but for the best protection, combine it with the precautions:
- Wear a large, wide-brimmed hat to block sunlight from the face, neck and ears.
- Wear UV protected sunglasses to prevent eye damage from UVB rays.
- Wear UPF-rated clothing such as light wraps, shirts and swimwear that can block rays.
- Try to remain indoors between 11 am and 3 pm when the sun is at its harshest. Find shelter under umbrellas or covered areas.
- Drink water regularly throughout the day to prevent heat-related illnesses. This is especially important for children and seniors.
Ask Your Pharmacist for Trusted Sunscreen Brands
Unsure which sunscreen is best for you and your family’s skin? Our friendly and informative staff at Sunshine Drugs Family of Pharmacies can help you find dermatologist-recommended, allergy-safe or fragrance free brands. Ask about staff favorites and which mineral sunscreens are best for delicate/sensitive skin. We can help you choose a brand that fits your needs and budget.
References
[1] Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2018). UV index and sun safety. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/weather-health/uv-index-sun-safety.html
[2] Worldwide Cancer Research. (2024, August 7). How does the sun cause cancer? https://www.worldwidecancerresearch.org/information-and-impact/cancer-myths-and-questions/how-does-the-sun-cause-cancer/
[3] Smijs, T. G., & Pavel, S. (2011). Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreens: Focus on their safety and effectiveness. Nanotechnology, Science and Applications, 4, 95–112. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S19419